Europa Universalis IV Cheats For PC
Steam Achievements
Achievement As a Coptic Nation, gain all 5 Blessings. A Blessed Nation Have a maximum manpower of at least 1 million. A Decent Reserve Form Prussia and have at least 125% Discipline. A Fine Goosestep Enact a Golden Age as an Empire. A Golden Empire As Karaman, form the Sultanate of Rum. A Hero’s Welcome Enact all reforms in the Holy Roman Empire. A Kaiser not just in name Start as one of the Jurchen tribes and form Qing. A Manchurian Candidate Own 10 provinces which produce gold. A Pile of Gold Have 100% Mercantilism. A Protected Market Form Inca, embrace all Institutions and own all of South America as core provinces. A Sun God Starting as Vijayanagar or Bahmanis conquer the other’s capital and have them not exist. A tale of two Families As a Great Power, take on over 1,000 ducats of another nation’s debt. AAA Credit Gain 100 Absolutism. Absolutely Start as Mali and have 4 Colonial Subjects in South America. Abu Bakr II’s Ambition As Athens, own 50 universities. Academical Own and have cores on all provinces in Africa as Kongo. African Power Own 200 provinces. Agressive Expander As Albania, own or have a subject own Iberia and the Caucasus. Albania or Iberia Start as a country of Russian culture and form Russia. All belongs to Mother Russia As a Greedy ruler, take all of a nation’s ducats in a peace deal. All That's Thine Shall Be Mine Have the highest trade power in Genoa, Venice and English Channel while having an income of at least 300 ducats per month. All Your Trade Are Belong to Us Form Germany. An early Reich As Great Britain, own all of England as core provinces and have at least 25 development in each province there. An Industrial Evolution Starting as Mzab, Touggourt or Djerid, reform Al-Andalus. An Unlikely Candidate Complete all English and British missions. Anglophile Form Arabia and be the nation producing the most coffee in the world. Arabian Coffee As a Custom Nation of up to 400 points in the British Region, own New York, San Francisco, Suez, Bombay, Calcutta, Hong Kong and Yokohama by 1524. Around the World in 80 Years Own one province on each continent. At every continent As Scotland, have France as a vassal (do not form Great Britain). Auld Alliance Reversed Achieve Empire rank and conquer Hungary as Avaria. Avar Khaganate Get all the French Cores as France. Azur semé de lis or As Qara Qoyunlu become the leading producer of wool. Baa Baa Black Sheep Form Yuan and be the only nation holding land in China Back in Control As Mazovia or Silesia, form the nation of Poland. Back to the Piast As Teutonic Order or Livonian Order, own all of Russia as core provinces and convert it to Catholic. Baltic Crusader As a Maghrebi nation, have 500 light ships privateering at the same time. Barbarossa As Byzantium, restore the Roman Empire. Basileus Starting as Navarra, ensure that most of Iberia is Basque culture before the Age of Absolutism. Basque in Glory Start as Bengal and own Samarkand as a core province. Bengal Tiger As France, own Vienna, Berlin and Moscow as core provinces. Better than Napoleon As France, hold 100 European core provinces before 1500. Big Blue Blob Have at least 21 different subjects with 5 cities each and without any subject having 50% or more Liberty Desire. Trade Companies do not count. Black Jack Have 10 different War Reparations being paid to you at the same time. Bleed Them Dry Blockade at least 10 ports of one enemy. Blockader As a Tengri nation, have Nahuatl as your syncretic faith. Blood for the Sky God! As Ryazan, own Saratov, Crimea and Kazan while being independent Breaking the Yoke Have 50 Innovativeness. Bright Spark Win a war as a secondary participant. Brothers in Arms As Hamburg, trade in both Gems and Livestock. Bunte Kuh As an Italian culture nation, make sure entire Tunis Area is at 100 devastation. Carthago Delenda Est Own both a Protestant and a Reformed Center of Reformation. Center of Attention Conscript a 3 star general from a Daimyo Subject. Cherrypicking With only one Monarch, have six different Consorts. Chop Chop As Korea, own or have a subject own all Shinto, Confucian and Buddhist provinces in the world. Choson One As Pueblo, own at least seven provinces with 10 development each. Cities of Cibola Own a core province with at least 60 development. City of Cities Win a war without fighting a single battle. Cold War Have 3 colonial governors that were directly appointed by you at the same time. Colonial Management Have both an Admiral and a General with a trait. Combined Arms As Aragon conquer all Mediterranean Centers of Trade. Consulate of the Sea Force a nation to revoke 5 cores in one peace deal as Corfu. Core-fu As Kandy be production leader in Cotton. Cotton Kandy Have a fort and a supply depot in a mountainous province producing livestock. Cowardly Tactics Unify Islam under your rule. Dar al-Islam As Imereti, form Georgia and have no free building slots. David the Builder Become Defender of the Faith. Defender of the Faith Own and have cores on Rome, Moscow and Istanbul as Ottomans or Rum. Definitely the Sultan of Rum Have a ruler with 1 or lower in all three categories who is over the age of 70. Die Please Die Starting as Dai Viet, have 10 nations follow the Mahayana Faith by 1500. Disciples of Enlightenment Start with no unions and get two at the same time. Double the Love Starting as Pskov, have 100 standing Streltsy units Dovmont's Own Have a colony in Australia. Down Under Start as Wallachia or Moldavia, form Romania and own or have a subject own all of the Balkans. Dracula's Revenge Capture 20 boats with the Boarding Naval Doctrine. Dude, Where's my Boat? Have 100 regiments at 100% Army Drill. Early-Modern Warfare Control all Grasslands in Asia as Kale before the age of Absolutism. Eat your Greens Become an elector in the HRE as a country which does not start as elector. Electable! Starting as Delhi, Restore their Empire's borders. Emperor of Hindustan As Mann, conquer all Islands in the world. Empire of Mann Gain over 100 gold from privateering a single treasure fleet. Even Better than Piet Heyn Have 3 different estates in your country with at least 70% influence each. Factionalism Own all Institution Origin provinces. Fanatic Collectivist Own Eight level 3 Centres of Trade. Fine Financials Starting as a Western technology custom nation in North America or South America with no more than 200 points, unite the two continents. First Come, First Serve Starting as a Norse custom nation with no more than 200 points and a maximum of 5 provinces, own & core Scandinavia and the British Isles and convert it all to Norse. For Odin! Diplo-annex a vassal. For the Glory Start as Orissa and own or have a subject own all tropical wood provinces. Foremost Servitor of Jagannath Complete the Spanish Mission Tree. Forever Golden Become Christian as Sindh. Forgive me, for I have Sindh Scornfully insult 10 nations that border you. Foul Mouthed Form four Trade Companies and get bonus merchants from all of them. Four For Trade Starting as a custom nation with no more than 50 points, have at least 2000 total development. From Humble Origins Start as Novgorod and control 90% of the trade power in the White Sea trade node while it is the highest valued trade node in the world. Frozen Assets Have 3 Vassals and 2 Marches at the same time. Full House Start as Tribal nation in India and become a Steppe Horde. Ganges Khan Have a Siege Specialist general win a siege in a province with a fort. Gentle Persuasion Fully own all three Georgias. Georgia on my Mind Reform the Golden Horde before 1500. Gold Rush As a Somali nation, fully own the Horn of Africa region and have a monthly gold income of at least 10 ducats. Golden Horn Start as Provence, form the Kingdom of Jerusalem. Good King René Start as Theodoro and conquer all Germanic culture provinces in Europe. Gothic Invasion Join a coalition of more than 5 nations. Grand Coalition Starting as a Duchy, have 1000 development without upgrading your government rank. Grand Duchy Restore the Great Moravian borders as Nitra or Moravia. Great Moravia As Perm, own or have a subject own the Russian, Siberian, Scandinavian, Canadian, Hudson Bay and Cascadian Regions. Great Perm Guarantee the Independence of France, The Ottoman Empire and Russia. Guarantor of Peace As Defender of a Muslim Faith, propagate your religion in The Moluccas through trade to convert 5 provinces. Hard Bargaining As Hesse, have at least 50 regiments of mercenaries and no loans. Hessian Mercenaries As a Fetishist nation, have 13 available Cults. Hoarder As the Papacy, own Jerusalem and have Livonian Order, Teutonic Order and The Knights as Marches. Holy Trinity As Wales, hold Cardiff, Dublin, Edinburgh, Rome, Paris and London. Home and Away As a Horde, own over 200 provinces producing grain. I’ll graze my horse here. And here… Starting as a custom nation with the full 800 points but no more than 3 total development, have a monthly income of at least 500 ducats. Ideas Guy As Spain have Mexico, Panama, Havana, Cuzco in colonial Nations under you. Imperio español As an Orthodox country, have 100 Patriarch Authority. In the Name of the Father Have 10 furnaces built in your nation. Industrial Powerhouse Discover the Americas as Castile or Spain. Isn't this the way to India? Win a battle against a great leader, without a leader. It's all about luck Accumulate 3000 gold. It's all about the money Form Greece and own and have cores on Zeta, Thatta, Lamba, and Roh It's All Greek To Me Form Italy. Italian Ambition Form the Netherlands as a minor nation starting with Dutch culture. Je maintiendrai As Najd, own 500 Sunni provinces. Jihad Play a campaign from 1444 until 1820. Just a Little Patience Corrupt the officials in a Rival country. Just Resting In My Account Form the Kingdom of Jerusalem as Cyprus or The Knights. King of Jerusalem As Tver, Yaroslavl, Ryazan, Beloozero, Rostov or Odoyev, eliminate all other Rurikovich nations without changing your ruling dynasty. Kinslayer Start as a Japanese Daimyo, convert yourself and all of Japan to Christianity. Kirishitan Japan As Trebizond, have the Empire government rank. Komnenoi Empire As Ming, have a subject from each religion group. Kow-Tow Form the nation of Croatia and station a unit of cavalry in Stockholm. Krabater As Kuba, own or have a subject own Havana and be the world’s leading producer of Tobacco. Kuban Cigars As a Nubian culture nation, own the entire Egyptian region as core provinces. Kushite Restoration Own a core province in Central America as a Buddhist country. Land of Eastern Jade Own the provinces of Haha, Hehe and Lolland Laughingstock As Serbia, own the entire Balkans as core provinces. Lazarus As Dithmarschen, hold the provinces of Sjaelland and Holland while Denmark do not exist Lessons of Hemmingstedt Start as USA in 1776 bookmark and own all your cores while being at peace. Liberty or Death Start as Sweden and lead the Protestant League to victory against the Emperor. Lion of the North Have 30 states with prosperity at the same time as you have a 70 year old ruler. Live Long and Prosper Own and have cores on the British Isles as an Irish nation. Luck of the Irish As Lucca, own Lucknow! Lucky Lucca Embrace 'manufactories' institution as Japan by 1655. Made in Japan Make the first circumnavigation. Magellan’s Voyage Start as Mewar and field an army of 20 Rajput regiments. Maharana Pratap Restore the Roman Empire and own the entire Mediterranean and Black Sea coast lines. Mare Nostrum Be trade leader of seven different goods. Market Control Have a march with at least two marsh provinces. Marshy March Starting as Odoyev, own one of every manufactory Mass Production Own and have cores on all of India as a European nation. Master of India As Saxony, own or have a subject own all Chinaware provinces in the world. Meissner Porcelain Complete the Mewar Mission Tree. Mewar Never Changes Have 4 different Cultures and 4 different religions represented in your court. Multiculturalism Gain at least 7.0 land morale. My armies are invincible! Go to war in support of a rebel faction and win, enforcing their demands. My True Friend Name a general after yourself and lead your army to victory. Narcissism Have 7 Free Cities in the Empire, none of which is of a Germanic culture. Neither Holy, Nor German Have 100 point spy networks in 3 Rival nations. Networking As Nevers, own the entire France region as core provinces. Never say Nevers Own or have a subject own the entire Caribbean. No Pirates in my Caribbean Own and have cores on the Thirteen Colonies as Cherokee with all institutions embraced. No Trail of Tears Own Timbuktu as Songhai Nobody wants to die Own or have a subject own all naval supplies provinces as Norway. Norwegian Wood Become a Great Power as Naples. Not just Pizza As Portugal, have a colony in Brazil and in Africa. Not so sad a state.. As Aztecs, reach 95 Doom, then go 20 years without Doom hitting 100. On the Edge of Madness Have all non-wasteland land provinces in the world be of your religion. One Faith Have your dynasty on 8 thrones at the same time. Client states do not count. One Family to Rule them All As Poland, become an absolutist monarchy, abolishing the Sejm. One King to Rule! Start as England, own and have a core on Paris (do not form another country unless it's Great Britain). One Night in Paris Own 1001 provinces directly. Over a Thousand! As Denmark establish Trade company and have at least 10% Tea market share. Østindisk Kompagni Te Starting as Madurai, conquer the Pandya Territories. Pandya Empire Assign Pasha to Paris. Parisian Pasha As Cebu, recreate the Chola Empire. Philippine Tiger As Kaffa, develop in Cafa while a subject of yours owns it. Pick Your Poison Have more than 50% Privateering power in the Gujarat trade node Pirate Bay of Janjira As Poland, reach the maximum level in all technologies (32). Poland can into space Switch government type through government reforms. Populists in Government Own and have cores on Alexandria, Antioch and Constantinople as Coptic Ethiopia. Prester John As Yemen, prevent any European Nation from owning a Coffee-producing province in the Old World until 1700. Protect the Secret As a Steppe Horde, raze a province with at least 30 development. Pyramid of Skulls Become Chinese Emperor as Qing. Qing of China Conquer land while in a Queen Regency. Queen of Conquest As Kilwa, own and have cores on Zanzibar and Bombay (Thana). Queen of Mercury Have the highest income in the world while neither owning nor starting with a province with a development level higher than 10. Rags and Riches Conquer all of Germany as Nagaur. Raja of the Rajput Reich Starting as an Orthodox Nation, Consecrate Metropolitan in Roma Redecorating Starting as a Zoroastrian custom nation with no more than 200 points and a maximum of 5 provinces, rekindle the royal fires. Rekindling the Flames Starting as a Russian nation, By 1600 own the East Siberian Coastline Relentless Push East Have 100 prestige, 100 legitimacy and three stability. Respected As Aq Qoyunlu, own Tabriz and have Qara Qoyunlu not exist by 1478. Rise of the White Sheep Install an union through a succession war. Royal Authority Starting as Butua, conquer Mutapa (Zimbabwe and Lower Zambezi areas). Rozwi Empire Dismantle the Holy Roman Empire. Ruina Imperii As Pegu, have at least 100,000 sailors. Sailor Mon Go full isolationist in 6 Incidents. Sakoku Law Playing as Hisn Kayfa, reforge the Ayyubid Empire. Saladin's Legacy Kill 10,000 men in one battle. Seriously?! Start as Ardabil and form Persia. Shahanshah Convert to Sikhism and form the nation of Punjab. Sikh Pun Get Orangists in power with 100% Republican Tradition, and owning a province in China. Sinaasappel! Own 10 Coffee producing provinces, and have your capital in Chehalis. Sleepless in Seattle As Tunisia, own and have cores on Sicily, Sardinia, the Balearic Islands, the coast of Algiers and the southern coast of Spain. Sons of Carthage Become the Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire as Spain. Spain is the Emperor Starting as Offaly, secure a Personal Union over an Iberian nation. Spanish Fly As Hormuz, have at least 10 diplomatic reputation Strait Talk Subsidize 3 different allies at least 50% of their monthly income without running a deficit. Subsidize my Love As the Madyas, own and have cores on Tepeacac, Mexico, Tullucan and Huastec. Sun Invasion Own and have cores on Lisbon, Madrid, Paris, London, Amsterdam and Rome as the Aztecs. Sunset Invasion Own and have cores on the entire Baltic coastline as Sweden. Sweden is not overpowered! Harmonize 7 religions as Confucian. Sweet Harmony As the Mughals assimilate Mongolian culture. Sweet Home Qaraqorum Own 99 provinces as Switzerland while owning no ports. Switzerlake Starting as an Arabian Tribal Federation, unite Arabia and have maximum Tribal Allegiance. Sworn Fealty As Hungary, own all of Austria as core provinces. Take that, von Habsburgs! As Kazan or Nogai, own all Tatar culture group lands. Tatarstan Use artillery Barrage on Berlin. Tear Down This Wall As Riga, own the Baltic region as core provinces. Terra Mariana Conquer a province. That is mine! Build up your army to your country's maximum army forcelimit. That's a Grand Army Build up your navy to your country's maximum navy forcelimit. That's a Grand Navy Own or have a subject own all provinces in the world producing silk. That's a Silk Road As Garhwal own and maintain 52 forts without going into debt The 52 Garhs As Manipur, unite the Bengal region and convert it to Animism. The Animal Kingdom As Bohemia, own Dublin as a core province. The Bohemians As Kotte or Kandy, own all of India and convert it to Theravada Buddhism. The Buddhists Strike Back As Burgundy, own the Low Countries region as core provinces and have France and Austria as your subjects. The Burgundian Conquest Unite Japan as a Daimyo. The Chrysanthemum Throne Charter Company from an Indian nation. The Coin is Stronger than the Sword Successfully use Threaten War to gain a province from another nation. The Continuation of Diplomacy Overthrow Austria and become the Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire. The Emperors new clothes As Fezzan, control at least 90% of the trade power in Tunis, Katsina, Safi and Timbuktu. The Fezzan Corridors As Taungu, unite the Burman culture group by 1500. The First Toungoo Empire Have five colonial nations. The Five Colonies Have 500 heavy ships and no loans. The Grand Armada Starting as Mongolia or Great Horde, own or have a subject own the Chinese, Russian and Persian regions. The Great Khan Restore the Danelaw region to Danish rule, and make it Danish culture. The Iron Price Starting as Huastec, form Maya. The League of Mayapan As the Mamluks, have 100 Army Professionalism and annex the Ottomans. The Levant Turnabout As Portugal, get owned provinces in Africa, India and Indonesia before 1500. The Navigator As Austria have the District and Military Administration investments in the West Bengal area. The Ostenders Have three unions at the same time as Austria. The pen is mightier than the sword As Ghorka form Nepal and defeat Prussia with at least 100,000 Prussian casualties in a war (both have to be primary targets of war). The Pheasant Strut Starting as Florence, form Egypt. The Prince of Egypt As a country that does not start with a female heir, have a female heir while having a Castle in your capital (more advanced fort buildings do not count). The Princess is in this Castle As Granada, form Andalusia and reconquer all of Iberia. The Re-Reconquista Own and have cores on all of Japan as a European nation. The Rising Sun Form a Federation of at least six nations as the Iroquois. The Six Nations Form the nation of Malaya. The Spice Must Flow Starting as Morocco, conquer the Niger and Sahel Regions. The Sudanese Expedition Form Hindustan or Bharat and own or have a subject own Cape, London, Hong Kong (Canton) and Ottawa (Kichesipi). The Sun Never Sets on the Indian Empire Start as an Ibadi nation and eliminate all rival schools of Islam (do not convert to another religion). The Third Way Own or have a subject own the entire world as Ryukyu. The Three Mountains As Lithuania, become The Commonwealth. The Uncommonwealth Join a war on the other side of someone to whom you have rented condottieri. The White Company As Ayutthaya, own all of Indochina and Burma as core provinces. The White Elephant Have 100 regiments as Banners raised at the same time. These Banners need a Saga Convert to Protestantism and unlock 3 Aspects of Faith. This is My Faith Form Persia and own Egypt, Anatolia and Greece as core provinces. This is Persia! Gain at least 7.0 naval morale. This navy can take it all In a war against the target of the Revolution, control their capital and have at least 99% war score. This Revolution Was Crushed Have 3 Tribal States as Tributaries. Three Trivial Tributary Tribes Starting as Mysore, Conquer the Deccan and Coromandel Regions. Tiger of Mysore Successfully steal a map from another nation. Time Bandit Own 100 or more provinces with no local autonomy or unrest. Total Control Starting as any European country, conquer and have cores on Aden, Hormoz and Malacca. Trade Hegemon More than 90 percent Naval and Army Tradition. Traditional Player Capture an enemy flagship. Trophy Hunter Control three Cardinals. True Catholic Starting as a Timurid subject, form the Mughals and conquer India by 1550. True Heir of Timur Get a 5/5/5 Ruler. Truly Divine Ruler Have five allies with 100 trust towards you each. Trustworthy Start as Candar and own 20 Sugar provinces between you and your subjects. Turkish Delight As a colony, break free and vassalize your former overlord without forming any other nation. Turn the Table Start as a Steppe Horde in 1444 and embrace all institutions. Turning the Tide As Korea get 135% Ship Durability. Turtles all the way down Secure a Royal Marriage with another country. Until death do us apart Get a ruler of your dynasty on the throne of Poland or the Commonwealth while they are an elective monarchy. Vasa or Wettin? Have a 75% Trade share in both the Alexandria and Constantinople nodes as Venice, owning less than 10 cities. Venetian Sea As Busoga, Buganda or Karagwe, reach administrative, diplomatic and military technology level 32. Victorian Three Win a war. Victorious! Have rebels you support in another country enforce their demands. Viva la Revolución! Have at least 75 countries in the HRE. Voltaire's Nightmare Successfully pass 11 issues in a row in Parliament. Voting Streak Win a war with at least one million dead on both sides. We bled for this As a New World native with Random New World active, explore the entire New World. Where Am I? As Dahomey, force all non-Fetishist nations out of Niger and Sahel by 1500. Where the heart is As Asturias, establish an Order in Rum. Why is the Rûm gone!? Have Winged Hussars as your active unit with more than +50% cavalry combat ability. Winged Hussars As Ragusa, lead a Trade League of at least 5 nations and guarantee the Ottomans’ independence. With a little help. Own or have a subject own the entire world. World Conqueror Discover all non-wasteland land provinces. World Discoverer Choose to play as New Providence and conquer all of Caribbeans. Yarr Harr a Pirate's Life For Me Expel 5 different minorities to your colonies. You Get A New Home, And You Get A New Home Contributed by: Eevee-Trainer, Guard MasterCommand Code
Press ~ for the command box to come up and then type the codes belowEffect add_cb [<casus belli tag>] [<target country tag>] Add casus belli against target country. MOHAHAHA i dont like you. WAAARRR!! add_core [<Province ID>] Add core add_natives [<ProvinceID>] [<Amount>] Add natives to given province add_opinion [<Country tag>] Add opinion to/from tag add_pi [<Country tag>] Add papal influence to tag add_pa [<Country tag>] Add patriach authority to tag add_reformlevel [<Amount>] Add reform level to the empire add_interest [<Country tag>] Add specified country tag to your interest stability Add's Stability add_colonist [<Country tag>] Adds a colonist to a country add_heir [<Target Country Tag>] Adds a heir of a tag eg: add_heir 51 add_missionary [<Country tag>] Adds a missionary to a country add_diplo Adds diplomatic entroute morehumans [number] Adds more humans piety Adds Piety population [<ProvinceID>] [<Amount>] Adds population to a province. prestige Adds Prestige add_idea_group [<Idea group key>] Adds the specified idea group power [<stability/tech_table_key/idea_key>] Adds the specified idea group annex [<Target Country Tag>] Begin annex/annexes the specified tag integrate [<Target Country Tag>] Begin integrate/integrates the specified tag controll [<Province ID>] Change controller mapmode [Mapmode type (int)] Change mapmode. own [<Province ID>] Change ownership nextsong Changes the currently playing soundtrack. clear Clears the console. Nope i didn't cheat savegame Creates an savefile. discover [<Target Country Tag>] Discover capital of target tag helphelp Double Rainbow help from an unicorn selflearningai Enables/Disables Self-Learning AI enable make AI smarter event [event id] [<Target Country Tag>] Executes an event eg: event 3041 51 manpower (Insert Number) Extra Manpower Cash (Insert Number) Extra Money fow off Fog of War turned off ! fow on Fog of War turned on ! poll force Polls valid Events adm [<AMOUNT> OPTIONAL] Get administrative power. the rules administration improve dip [<AMOUNT> OPTIONAL] Get diplomatic power mil [<AMOUNT> OPTIONAL] Get military power powerpoints [<AMOUNT> OPTIONAL] Get power in all powers winwars Gives max war score in all wars for the country nudge Go to the nudge tool combatsound How often does the combat view give a random sound? 0-50 0 the lowest 50 the highest imperial_authority [VALUE] Increase your Imperial Authority kill_cardinal Kills the first cardinal in the list kill_heir [<Target Country Tag>] Kills the heir of a tag eg: kill_heir 51 die(kill) [<Target Country Tag>] Kills the monarch of a tag eg: kill 51 oos Make the client go oos prices Price Info. recorded on the gamelog in DocumentsParadox InteractiveEuropa Universalis IVlogs help [command name] Print out all console commands or a specific command description. memory Prints out the used memory balance Region Balance output. reloadinterface Reloads the entire interface usefull when you play for a long time, to avoid laggyness reload [VAR] Reloads the gui (reload gui) or lua file (reload lua) type remove_cb [<casus belli tag>] [<target country tag>] Remove casus belli from target country. you had dust on your shoulder. Dont worry remove_core [<Province ID>] Remove core remove_interest [<Country tag>] Removes specified country tag from your interest remove_defender_faith Removes the defender of the Faith for the players religion requestgamestate Requests the gamestate from host score Score output. legitimacy [<AMOUNT>] Set the legitimacy of the ruler spritelevel [<Sprite level>] Sets a forced sprite level. Specify no argument to reset. setmissionaryprogress [<ProvinceID>] [<Amount>] Sets the missionary progress for a province. papvotes Shows all votes for a cardinal in the tooltip of his name IP Shows your IP pirate [<Province ID>] Starts a Pirate in a province revolt [<Province ID>] Starts a Revolt in a province tag [<Country tag>] Switch tag to another country observe(spectator) Switches to play no country at all, and no longer shows messages or pauses the game testmission [<Mission Name>] Tests a mission without triggering it testevent [<Event ID>] [<Character ID>] Tests an event without triggering it aiview Toggles additional AI info yesman Toggles AI positive responses for everything Yes! msg Toggles all messages popup collision(debug_collision) Toggles debug display of normals/bounding boxes/collision fullscreen Toggles fullscreen ti(debug_ti) Toggles Terra Incognita on/off nopausetext Toggles the pausebanner for nicer screenshots. fow(debug_fow) [<Province ID> OPTIONAL] Turns off fog of war in a province or in general validateevents Validates all events without triggering it vassalize [<Target Country Tag>] Vassalize the specified tag time W00t What time is it? i play too much siege [<Province ID>] Wins the siege in the specified province Contributed by: mam721, margimargi17, Addice, TheGr8Blumpking
Walkthroughs & FAQs
Type | Name | File Size |
---|---|---|
In-Depth FAQs | Idea Guide by coineineagh | 87K |
Tunisian (Maghrebi)
Capital provinceGovernmentIqta
State religionTechnology groupMuslim
Traditions:- +20% Galley combat ability
- May raid coasts
Catalan Guard
- +5% Infantry combat ability
- +5% Mercenary discipline
Dual Diplomacy
- +1 Diplomatic relation
Corsairs
- +1 Yearly navy tradition
- +10%Privateer efficiency
Attract Foreign Pirates
- +25% National sailors modifier
Board of Captains
- +1 Naval leader fire
Export Monopolies
- +5% Trade efficiency
- +20% Domestic trade power
Tunisian Caliphate
- +1 Tolerance of the true faith
- +0.1% Monthly piety
Ambition:
- +25% Naval force limit modifier
Tunis is a country in Maghreb. In the 1444 start, Tunis guarantees the independence of . Tunis follows the Maliki school of Islam. If Tunis ceased to exist, then it is reformable by any country with Tunisian or Berber culture.
- 2Reformation
- 4Events
- 5Strategy
Raid Coasts[edit]
Raiding coasts is a naval ability added in the Mare Nostrum expansion which allows fleets belonging to nations with the raid coasts idea, which in the base game belongs to the Maghrebi culture group (, , and ), and to raid the coasts of other nations for loot and sailors of a different religion; this idea is also available for custom nations and, with
, pirate republics, which can raid the coasts of all neighbouring nations with no attention to their religion. Historically, this ability reflects the raids by Barbary pirates which were active in the 16th to 19th centuries. Raiding can provide a significant early-game boost to the income and sailor pools of nations that can do it.
Reformation[edit]
Since time immemorial Tunis has been the center of any strong state in the eastern Maghreb. Once we control this great city as well as its hinterlands we can reunite the entire region under one banner.Potential requirements The country:
If the country is AI-controlled, then:
| Allow does not exist. The country:
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Effects If Tunis (341) is part of the HRE, but the country is not a member then:
Tunis (341):
The country:
If Tunis:
|
Missions[edit]
- Main article: Tunisian missions
With Golden Century Tunis has an unique set of missions.
Events[edit]
Hayreddin Barbarossa
Trigger conditions
| Is triggered only by completing the ‘Sponsor Piracy’ mission. |
Option conditions Enabled if: does not exist. :
:
Always enabled: gets an admiral named ‘Hayreddin Barbarossa’ with:
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Strategy[edit]
Initial position and actions[edit]
Tunis starts out in a good position to expand. Its western and southern neighbours are weak, while and the door to the Italian provinces are just a seazone away. The rich Egyptian and Moroccan provinces are also nearby, slightly further afield. Tunis begins with some good provinces of its own in Tunis, Bizerte and Sousse compared to the rest of North Africa. The Berber national ideas will help the player on the way to becoming a Mediterranean naval and trade power, as well as making it difficult for other nations to take Tunisian land (by increasing coring cost). While the begin the game in a strong position on Tunis’ eastern border, they will inevitably clash and usually lose to the . This means that allying the Ottomans is highly recommended though not necessary from the very beginning and if the player is unable to get an alliance or at least friendly relations, restarting could be necessary. (It should be said, however, that this alliance is not necessarily from the very beginning of the game.) Not only will Tunis and the Ottomans both be interested in taking Mamluk territory, but both nations have an interest in becoming great naval powers in the Mediterranean, as well as in stopping other nations like , , and eventually / or one of the other Italian nations.
In addition to allying the Ottomans, Tunis should also attempt to ally , but it will sometimes rival Tunis, making this impossible. Special care needs to be taken in relations with Fezzan, because although this is territory that is seemingly a natural part of Tunis, Tunis begins the game guaranteeing Fezzan. Fezzan will often ally itself with the Mamluks and if the guarantee is broken, the Mamluks are likely to vassalize Fezzan. If this happens, however, the Mamluks will often annex the country as soon as possible, allowing the player to later capture the region in a war against the Mamluks with Ottoman support. Although at least one of Tunis’ smaller southern neighbors will be friendly toward Tunis, the military discrepancy between Tunis and all of these nations means that annexing and force-vassalizing them is both quick and easy. It is wise to try to diplomatically annex at least one of these nations as they all have increased coring cost as a national tradition as Tunis does. It is relatively easy to quickly conquer , , and in quick succession or even in some combination if necessary.
Tunis begins the game with a fort in Kef, bordering its capital in Tunis. The player may wish to save up and build another fort on the border with to protect against a possible Mamluk invasion. (Alternatively, if the player wishes to wait, Jufra is an excellent location for a fort once conquered due to being desert terrain and bordering many provinces.) The arid terrain in the eastern provinces of Tunis will slow any Mamluk advance and force them to take attrition penalties as they attempt to siege down the fort. Building another fort on the border with may be helpful, but if Tunis takes or vassalizes Tlemcen early on that fort won't be useful unless Europeans land troops there later, and by then the player should have a large enough navy to prevent a landing.
If the mission to “protect our brethren in Laghouat” is available, this allows the conquest of Mzab to begin as early as December 1444. Tunis’ diplomats should then be put to work fabricating claims on other Berber minors to the south, particularly Djerid and Touggourt. The player can consider using one diplomat to fabricate claims on Tlemcen if Tlemcen has not allied with Morocco as Tunis is unlikely to win an early war against both Tlemcen and Morocco.
First years[edit]
In the opening years the player's best course of action is to focus on the minor Berber nations to its south. Mzab, Touggart, and Djerid will likely rival each other and Tlemcen may try to vassalize Mzab. Tunis needs to beat Tlemcen to that, and since a mission to conquer Laghouat (one of Mzab’s provinces) is usually available immediately, Tunis can get off to a quick start and head off potential Tlemceni interference in its acquisition of the provinces to its south.
While diplomatic annexation of the Berber minors is a possibility, force vassalization is relatively easy and quick, though it is ideal to have only one vassal, so a mixture of direct annexation, vassalization, and feeding cores to Tunis’ vassal is optimal. When Tunis can spare diplomats, they should be used to fabricate claims on the nations which can't be vassalized. Once these nations have been annexed in one way or another, Tunis should be able to promote both Berber and Algerian cultures to accepted cultures.
Missions will help Tunis get claims on Tlemcen if rivaled. Although Tlemcen may start out friendly with Tunis, allying with them can hinder expansion, as conquering Tlemcen is an easy path to conquest and avoids immediately going up against Aragon or the Mamluks. Eventually Tunis will find itself in conflict with these larger and more powerful nations, but it needs to strengthen its position first.
If Tunis is not over the relations limit and Tlemcen does not ally a power like Castile or the Ottomans, Tunis can vassalize them in a single war. If that doesn't happen Tunis should then take bites out of their land and feed some to vassals until the player's vassal has been annexed and room has been freed up to vassalize Tlemcen.
Further expansion[edit]
At this point Tunis can set its sights on Morocco to take territory and prevent Castilian and Portuguese expansion there, expand north into Sicily and the other Mediterranean islands, or east into Egypt. All of these options are rather more dangerous than those Tunis has faced up to this point.
Portugal and the Spanish powers, which Tunis may face in a fight over the Moroccan region can end up becoming very powerful off their New World colonies, so Tunis should take care when waging a war against them. If battles against these powers go poorly, the player can consider trying to increase Piety before the next war for a morale bonus.
Morocco can be a reasonably powerful rival to Tunis due to its fairly rich territory (at least by North African standards). Tunis does need to take care in invading Morocco since the forts in both Fez and Tafilat are in mountainous provinces, making sieging them quite difficult. However, Tunis should generally be able to defeat Morocco after having annexed the Berber minors and Tlemcen. Tunis may also have a technological advantage over Morocco due to institution spread (discussed further below).
European politics may well determine how easy or difficult Tunis’ expansion to the north will be. If Aragon and split up and Castile and Aragon end up fighting each other and/or , taking Sicily and may be easy, but continued expansion into the Italian peninsula can lead to some large European coalitions, especially if Tunis manages to take Rome. The Ottomans will help Tunis fight these powerful nations, but the player's Mediterranean fleet needs to be powerful enough to keep Europe at bay if Tunis expands this way. If the stars align to place a powerful united Spain in control of the western Mediterranean islands and southern Italy in Tunis’ way, northward expansion will be considerably more difficult.
Finally, expanding east into Mamluk territory will give rich rewards from Egypt, but getting too close to the Ottomans without being powerful enough to take them on will lead to them betraying and attacking Tunis. A safe point to end eastward expansion is Sirt, as Bengazi (the westernmost province of the Egypt region) will be coveted by the Ottomans to complete their Conquer Egypt mission. Although the Ottomans may eventually get missions to conquer Tripolitania and Tunisia, it is comparatively rare for this to happen, particularly if the Ottomans are allied to Tunis. However, as the game progresses, the player should bear in mind that there is a possibility that the Ottomans might take this mission and the Ottoman alliance may disappear.Ultimately, Tunis will likely want to expand in all three of these directions as well as down into West Africa and come into conflict with and . The Katsina node is of particularly interest early on since it feeds into the Tunis node, but later on as Tunis gains control of more of the western Maghreb, the Timbuktu node, which feeds into the Safi node, may become an attractive target for Tunisian conquest.
Alternatively, a very viable strategy is to take Exploration as first idea group and target West Africa and the New World for expansion. For that approach, the player should limit expansion into Morocco to the Eastern and Southern provinces only , leaving the rest as a buffer against the Iberian powers. Then use the colonist to drive towards Timbuktu. Because of the significant technological advantage over the West African nations, expansion should be very easy. Make sure to save State slots for the rich gold mines in Mali and Kong. Once all of West Africa is subjugated, the player should be able to command a very large army that can easily take on Castile/Spain or Mamluks.
Final goal[edit]
At this point Tunis should hold significant portions of North Africa as well as the western Mediterranean islands and maybe Italy or parts of West Africa. If the goal as Tunis is to get the Sons of Carthage achievement, or form , Tunis will need to expand into Spain. If France has rivaled Castile/Spain, then allying them is a good move. Otherwise, the player can't do much except look out for a moment of weakness from Spain and build up the Tunisian army. If the Iberian Wedding event failed to fire or or are released in the early game, this will make it easier.If the goal is to control all of Africa then Tunis will also come up against Spain and Portugal as well as any other European powers that have colonized in Africa as well. To do this Tunis will need to build heavy ships to ensure the Tunisian navy can take on the Europeans outside as well as inside the Mediterranean. In terms of technology, however, Tunis should have relatively few problems dealing with nations in sub-Saharan Africa due to its beneficial location for institution spread.
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Idea groups[edit]
Naval ideas will perform well above average for Tunis as gaining control of the Mediterranean will be crucial for any fights against other Mediterranean powers. This should make Tunis’ galleys very powerful. For this reason, the player may also consider taking Maritime ideas unless Tunis seeks to become a colonial power.
Since one of Tunis’ natural directions of expansion is west, if Tunis can eventually gain a significant share (or control) of the Sevilla node, it can cash in on both its and other nations’ colonies. Exploration ideas will allow for the player to do this, though at an initial disadvantage relative to the Iberian powers, since Tunis’ start position is farther from the New World. If Tunis is only interested in expanding into Africa, Expansion ideas may be a better choice.
Other useful idea groups are the usual suspects: Trade ideas (particularly if/when Tunis establishes itself in the Sevilla node), Administrative ideas if heavy conquest is anticipated, and whatever military decisions the player deems appropriate, though Defensive ideas do deserve honorable mention for stacking nicely with the attrition penalty that Tunisian Ideas impose upon invaders.
Trade strategy[edit]
Tunis begins the game in 1444 exclusively controlling provinces in the Tunis node, and from a trade point of view, expansion does not immediately yield trade rewards. With the exception of Titteri, the Tlemceni provinces to the west all lie in the Safi node, which is not connected to the Tunis node either upstream or downstream. (Both nodes, however, flow into the Sevilla node.) If Tunis does indeed expand west, the natural path from trade routes will push it toward the Sevilla node, where it will run into stiff competition from the Iberian powers as well as Mediterranean powers seeking to transfer trade downstream to Genoa. While Tunis can gain a healthy portion of the Sevilla node from controlling Morocco (and the Important Center of Trade in Tangiers) as well as with a large trade fleet, it will only be with the conquest of the province of Sevilla itself that Tunis can cement its control over this valuable trade node.
However, if Tunis has also expanded to the north, it will face the dilemma of the western Mediterranean islands and parts of the Italian peninsula falling into the Genoa node. Tunis may eventually set its sights on this node, though gaining significant power in it will be very costly, involving wars with Spain, well-connected and wealthy Italian states, and possibly even France.
From a trade point of view, expansion eastward beyond Sirt in North Africa does not benefit Tunis unless it gains a significant share of the Genoa node, as the Alexandria node only transfers to Genoa and not to Tunis or Sevilla. This, in combination with the potential for a falling-out with the Ottomans over the area should make the player think twice before setting Tunis’ sights on Egypt.
Achievements[edit]
As Tunisia, own and have cores on Sicily, Sardinia, the Balearic Islands, the coast of Algiers and the southern coast of Spain.
As a Maghrebi nation, have 500 light ships privateering at the same time.
Tunis Mission Tree Eu4
Central African technology group |
East African technology group |
Muslim technology group |
West African technology group |
Eastern technology group |
Muslim technology group |
Indian technology group |
Chinese technology group |
Nomadic technology group |
Western technology group |
Eastern technology group |
Anatolian technology group |
Muslim technology group |
Nomadic technology group |
Western technology group |
Mesoamerican technology group |
North American technology group |
Andean technology group |
South American technology group |
Retrieved from 'https://eu4.paradoxwikis.com/index.php?title=Tunis&oldid=111452'
مملكة تلمسان(ar) | ||||||||||
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1235–1554 | ||||||||||
Flag of the Zayyanid Kingdom (1235–1338, 1488–1556) Flag of the Zayyanid Kingdom (1338–1488) | ||||||||||
The Zayyanid kingdom of Tlemcen in the fifteenth century. | ||||||||||
Capital | Tlemcen | |||||||||
Common languages | Berber, Maghrebi Arabic | |||||||||
Religion | Islam | |||||||||
Government | Monarchy | |||||||||
Sultan | ||||||||||
• 1236–1283 | Abu Yahya I bin Zayyan | |||||||||
Al Hassan ben Abu Muh | ||||||||||
History | ||||||||||
• Independence from the Almohad Caliphate | 1235 | |||||||||
1554 | ||||||||||
Currency | Dinar | |||||||||
| ||||||||||
Today part of | Algeria Morocco |
History of Algeria |
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Ottoman Algeria (16th - 19th centuries) French Algeria (19th - 20th centuries) |
1960s–80s 1990s
2000s to present |
|
The Kingdom of Tlemcen or Zayyanid Kingdom of Tlemcen (Berber languages: ⵉⵣⵉⴰⵏⵉⴻⵏ, Arabic: الزيانيون) was a Berber[1][2] kingdom in what is now the northwest of Algeria. Its territory stretched from Tlemcen to the Chelif bend and Algiers, and reached at its zenith the Moulouya River to the west, Sijilmasa to the south and the Soummam river to the east.[3][4]
The Tlemcen Kingdom was established after the demise of the Moroccan Almohad Caliphate in 1236, and later fell under Ottoman rule in 1554. It was ruled by sultans of the Zayyanid dynasty. The capital of the Tlemcen kingdom was centered at Tlemcen, which lay on the main east-west route between Morocco and Ifriqiya. The Kingdom of Fez was centered at Fez, to the west of Tlemcen.
Tlemcen was also a hub on the north-south trade route from Oran on the Mediterranean coast to the Western Sudan. As a prosperous trading center, it attracted its more powerful neighbors. At different times the Moroccans from the west,[5] denizens of Ifriqiya from the east, and Aragonese from the north, invaded and occupied the kingdom.
- 7References
Foundation[edit]
The Bānu ʿabd āl-Wād, also called the Bānu Ziyān or Zayyanids after Yaghmurasen Ibn Zyan, the founder of the dynasty, were leaders of a Berber group who had long been settled in the Central Maghreb. Although contemporary chroniclers asserted that they had a noble origin, little is known for sure.[6]The town of Tlemcen, called Pomaria by the Romans, is about 2,500 feet (760 m) above sea level in fertile, well-watered country.[7]
Tlemcen was an important center under the Almoravid dynasty and its successors the Almohad Caliphate, who began a new wall around the town in 1161.[8]
Yaghmurasen ibn Zayyan (1235–83) of the Bānu ʿabd āl-Wād was governor of Tlemcen under the Almohads.[9] He inherited leadership of the family from his brother in 1235.[10]When the Almohad empire began to fall apart, in 1235, Yaghmurasen declared his independence.[9]The city of Tlemcen became the capital of one of three successor states, ruled for centuries by successive Ziyyanid sultans.[11] Its flag was a white crescent pointing upwards on a blue field.[12] The kingdom covered the less fertile regions of the Tell Atlas. Its people included a minority of settled farmers and villagers, and a majority of nomadic herders.[9]
Yaghmurasen was able to maintain control over the rival Berber groups, and when faced with the outside threat of the Marinid dynasty, he formed an alliance with the Sultan of Granada and the King of Castile, Alfonso X.[13] According to Ibn Khaldun, 'he was the bravest, most dreaded and honorable man of the 'Abd-la-Wadid family. No one looked after the interest of his people, maintained the influence of the kingdom and managed the state administration better than he did.'[10] Before his death he instructed his son and heir Uthman to remain on the defensive with the Marinid kingdom, but to expand into Hafsid territory if possible.[10] Under Yaghmurasen's leadership, and later under Abu Hammu II (1359–89), the kingdom pursued an expansionary policy, pushing towards Fez in the west and into the Chelif valley and Béjaïa in the east.[9]
List of Sultans of the Kingdom of Tlemcen[edit]
Main article: Zayyanid dynasty
Economy[edit]
Great Mosque of Tlemcen. Built under Almoravid sultan Yusuf ibn Tashfin, Sultan Yaghmurasen Ibn Zyan (1236-1283), founder of the Zayyanid dynasty added a section with a minaret and a dome in the 13th century.
The city of Tlemcen displaced Tahert (Tiaret) as the main trading hub in the central Maghreb, lying on the west-east route between Fez and Ifriqiya.
Another major route from Oran ran south through Tlemcen to the oases of the Sahara, and onward to the Western Sudan region to the south. The city was directly linked to Sijilmasa, which served as the main northern hub for the trade routes that crossed the desert to the Western Sudanese markets.[14] Oran, a port that the Andalusians had founded in the tenth century to handle the trade with Tahert, came to serve Tlemcen in its trade with Europe. Fez was nearer to Sijilmasa than Tlemcen, but the route to Fez led over the Atlas mountains, while the route to Tlemcen was easier for the caravans.[15]Yaghmurasan made an attempt to capture Sijilmasa in 1257, and succeeded in 1264, holding the town for almost ten years.The Marinids then took Sijilmasa, but most of the trade continued to flow through Tlemcen.[14]
The city of Tlemcen became an important center, with many schools, mosques and palaces.[6]Tlemcen also housed a European trading center (funduk) which connected African and European merchants.[16]In particular, Tlemcen was one of the points through which African gold (arriving from south of the Sahara via Sijilmasa or Taghaza) entered the European hands.[16]Consequently, Tlemcen was partially integrated into the European financial system. So, for example, Genoese bills of exchange circulated there, at least among merchants not subject to (or not deterred by) religious prohibitions.[17]
Tlemcen housed several well-known madrasas and numerous wealthy religious foundations, becoming the principal intellectual center of the central Maghreb. At the souq around the Great Mosque, merchants sold woolen fabrics and rugs from the East, slaves and gold from across the Sahara, local earthenware and leather goods, and a variety of Mediterranean maritime goods 'redirected' to Tlemcen by corsairs—in addition to the intentional European imports available at the funduk.[18]Merchant houses based in Tlemcen, such as the al-Maqqari maintained regular branch offices in Mali and the Sudan.[19][20]
The ruler of Tlemcen is reported to have been advised by a Jewish viceroy named Abraham, who, in the time of the Inquisition of Torquemada, opened the gates of Tlemcen to Jewish and Muslim refugees fleeing Spain. Abraham is said to have supported them with his own money and with the tolerance of the king of Tlemcen.[citation needed]
14th century - political turmoil[edit]
Columns from the Mansura mosque
For most of its history the kingdom was on the defensive, threatened by stronger states to the east and the west.The nomadic Arabs to the south also took advantage of the frequent periods of weakness to raid the center and take control of pastures in the south.
The city of Tlemcen was several times attacked or besieged by the Marinids of Morocco, and large parts of the kingdom were occupied by the Moroccans for several decades in the fourteenth century.[9]
The Marinid Abu Yaqub Yusuf an-Nasr besieged Tlemcen from 1299 to 1307. During the siege he built a new town, al-Mansura, diverting most of the trade to this town.[14] The new city was fortified and had a mosque, baths and palaces.The siege was raised when Abu Yakub was murdered in his sleep by one of his eunuchs.[21]
Abu Yakub was succeeded by his sons Abu Thabit and Abu Rabi between 1307 and 1310, and then by his brother Abu Sa'id Uthman II, who came to the throne in 1310. Abu Sa'id was distracted by revolts of his son Abu Ali, the governor of Sijilmasa. Abu Sa'id died in 1331. His son Abu al-Hasan 'Ali (r. 1331–1351), the greatest Marinid Sultan, ended the internal quarrels and initiated an expansionary program.[22]
When the Marinids left in 1307, the Zayyanids promptly destroyed al-Mansura.[14]Tlemcen recovered its trade and its population grew, reaching about 40,000 by around the 1330s.[14]The Zayyanid king Abu Zayyan I died in 1308 and was succeeded by Abu Hammu I (r. 1308-1318).Abu Hammu was killed in a conspiracy instigated by his son and heir Ibn Tashufin (r. 1318-1337), who initiated hostilities against Ifriqiya while the Marinids were distracted by their internal struggles. Ibn Tashufin besieged Béjaïa, and sent an army into Tunisia that defeated the Hafsid king Abu Yahya Abu Bakr II, who fled to Constantine while the Zayyanids occupied Tunis.[21]
The Marinid empire at its greatest extent, around 1348. Tlemcen ruled by the Marinids from 1337 to 1358.
A Hafsid princess had married Sultan Abu'l Hasan of Fez, and the Hafsids appealed to him for help, providing a welcome excuse for invading his neighbor.[22]Abu'l Hasan initiated a siege of Tlemcen in 1335, and the city fell in 1337.[14]Ibn Tashufin died during the fighting.[21]Abu'l Hasan received delegates from Egypt, Granada, Tunis and Mali congratulating him on his victory, by which he had gained complete control of the trans-Saharan trade.[22]In 1346 the Hafsid Sultan, Abu Bakr, died and a dispute over the succession ensued.In 1347 Abu'l Hasan annexed Ifriqiya, briefly reuniting the Maghrib territories as they had been under the Almohads.[23]
However, Abu'l Hasan went too far in attempting to impose more authority over the Arab tribes, who revolted and in April 1348 defeated his army near Kairouan. His son, Abu Inan Faris, who had been serving as governor of Tlemcen, returned to Fez and declared that he was sultan.Tlemcen and the central Maghreb revolted.[23]The Zayyanid Abu Sa'id Uthman II (1348-1352) was proclaimed king of Tlemcen.[21]Abu'l Hasan had to return from Ifriqiya by sea. After failing to retake Tlemcen and being defeated by his son, Abu'l Hasan died in May 1351.[23]In 1352 Abu Inan Faris recaptured Tlemcen. He also reconquered the central Maghreb. He took Béjaïa in 1353 and Tunis in 1357, becoming master of Ifrikiya. In 1358 he was forced to return to Fez due to Arab opposition, where he feel sick and was killed.[23]
The Zayyanid king Abu Hammu Musa II (r. 1359-1389) next took the throne of Tlemcen. He had a long reign punctuated by fighting against the Marinids or various rebel groups.[21]The Marinids reoccupied Tlemcen in 1360 and in 1370.[24]In both cases, the Marinids found they were unable to hold the region against local resistance.[25] Wolwerdon. The historian Ibn Khaldun lived in Tlemcen for a period during the generally prosperous reign of Abu Hammu Musa II,and helped him in negotiations with the nomadic Arabs. He said of this period, 'Here [in Tlemcen] science and arts developed with success; here were born scholars and outstanding men, whose glory penetrated into other countries.'Abu Hammu was deposed by his son, Abu Tashfin II (1389–94), and the state went into decline.[26]
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Disintegration and fall[edit]
A man of Tlemcen
In the 15th century, expansion eastward was attempted, but proved disastrous. The state was increasingly weak and became intermittently a vassal of HafsidIfriqiya, Marinid Morocco or the Crown of Aragon.[27]
By the end of the fifteenth century the Kingdom of Aragon had gained effective political control, intervening in the dynastic disputes of the amirs of Tlemcen, whose authority had shrunk to the town and its immediate neighborhood.[26]When the Spanish took the city of Oran from the kingdom in 1509, continuous pressure from the Berbers prompted the Spanish to attempt a counterattack against the city of Tlemcen (1543), which was deemed by the Papacy to be a crusade. The Spanish failed to take the city in the first attack, but the strategic vulnerability of Tlemcen caused the kingdom's weight to shift toward the safer and more heavily fortified corsair base at Algiers.
Tlemcen was captured in 1554 by the Ottoman Empire under Salih Reis, the Pasha of Algiers.[8]The last sultan's son escaped to Oran, then a Spanish possession. He was baptized and lived a quiet life as Don Carlos at the court of Philip II of Spain.
Under the Ottoman Empire the town quickly lost its former importance, becoming a sleepy provincial town.[28]The failure of the kingdom to become a powerful state can be explained by the lack of geographical or cultural unity, the constant internal disputes and the reliance on Arab nomads for the military.[13]
Chronology of events[edit]
- 1236 : Independence from the Almohad Caliphate
- 1272 : Oujda and Sijilmasa lost to Marinids[29]
- 1299–1307 : Tlemcen besieged by Moroccans[30]
- 14th century : Oujda recaptured from Marinids
- 1313 : Algiers annexed to the Kingdom of Tlemcen[30]
- 1337–1348 : 1st period of Moroccan occupation[31]
- 1352–1359 : 2nd period of Moroccan occupation[31]
- 1366 : Expedition to Bejaia defeated
- 1389–1424 : Zayyanids recognize Marinid suzerainty[30]
- 1424–1500 : Zayyanids recognize Hafsid suzerainty[30]
- 1427–1429 : Civil war
- 1505–1510 : Mers el Kebir and Oran lost to Spain[30]
- 1510 : Tlemcen occupied by the Spanish[30]
- 1512 : Tlemcen becomes a vassal of Aragon[30]
- 1517 : Tlemcen besieged by Aruj's army[30]
- 1518 : Independence restored after Aruj's victory over the Spanish[30]
- 1543 : Spanish occupation
- 1543–1544 : 3rd period of Moroccan occupation
- 1550 : Tlemcen occupied by Ottoman Turks
- 1554 : the Kingdom of Tlemcen becomes an Ottoman protectorate
- 1556 : Western Algeria becomes a beylik of the Regency of Algiers
References[edit]
Citations[edit]
- ^'Abd al-Wadid Dynasty | Berber dynasty'. Retrieved 2016-07-22.
- ^Appiah, Anthony; Gates, Henry Louis (2010-01-01). Encyclopedia of Africa. Oxford University Press. ISBN9780195337709.
- ^The Abdelwadids (1236–1554), on qantara-med.org
- ^L'Algérie au passé lointain – De Carthage à la Régence d'Alger, p175
- ^Despois et al. 1986, p. 367.
- ^ abBel. 1993, p. 65.
- ^John Murray 1874, p. 209.
- ^ abJohn Murray 1874, p. 210.
- ^ abcdeNiane 1984, p. 93.
- ^ abcTarabulsi 2006, p. 83.
- ^Ruano 2006, p. 309.
- ^Hrbek 1997, pp. 34-43.
- ^ ab'Abd al-Wadid: Britannica.
- ^ abcdefNiane 1984, p. 94.
- ^Fage & Oliver 1975, p. 356.
- ^ abTalbi 1997, p. 29.
- ^Braudel 1979, p. 66.
- ^Idris 1997, pp. 44-49.
- ^Niane 1997, p. 245-253.
- ^Kasaichi 2004, p. 121-137.
- ^ abcdeTarabulsi 2006, p. 84.
- ^ abcFage & Oliver 1975, p. 357.
- ^ abcdFage & Oliver 1975, p. 358.
- ^The Abdelwadids (1236-1554): Qantara.
- ^Hrbek 1997, pp. 39.
- ^ abNiane 1984, p. 95.
- ^Hrbek 1997, pp. 41.
- ^Wingfield 1868, p. 261.
- ^Caverly 2008, p. 45.
- ^ abcdefghiPolitical Chronologies of the World, pp. 1-18.
- ^ abMarçais 1986, p. 93.
Sources[edit]
- ''Abd al-Wadid'. Encyclopædia Britannica. I: A-Ak - Bayes (15th ed.). Chicago, IL: Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. 2010. p. 16. ISBN978-1-59339-837-8.
- Bel., A. (1993). ''Abdalwadides'. First Encyclopaedia of Islam: 1913-1936. BRILL. p. 65. ISBN978-90-04-09796-4. Retrieved 2013-05-15.
- Braudel, Fernand (1979). Civilization and Capitalism, 15th-18th Century: Vol. III: The Perspective of the World. Translated by Sian Reynolds. Univ. Calif. Press & HarperCollins.
- Caverly, R. William (2008). 'Hosting Dynasties and Faiths: Chronicling the Religious History Of a Medieval Moroccan Oasis City'(PDF). Archived from the original(PDF) on 2014-07-14.
- Despois, J.; Marçais, G.; Colombe, M.; Emerit, M.; Despois, J.; Marçais, PH. (1986) [1960]. 'Algeria'. In Bearman, P.; Bianquis, Th.; Bosworth, C.E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W.P. (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam. I (2nd ed.). Leiden, Netherlands: Brill Publishers. ISBN9004081143.
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